The CPR president, William Van Horne, decided that Granville was not such a great name for the new terminus because of the seedy associations with Gastown, and strongly suggested "Vancouver" would be a better name, in part because people in Toronto and Montreal knew where Vancouver Island was but had no idea of where Granville was. Under its new name the city was incorporated on April 6, Two months later, on June 13, a spectacular blaze destroyed most of the city along the swampy shores of Burrard Inlet in twenty-five minutes. The Great Vancouver Fire , which destroyed the city, was eventually considered to be beneficial, as the city was rebuilt with modern water, electricity and streetcar systems.

Things recovered quickly after the fire, although celebratory Dominion Day festivities to launch the opening of the CPR were postponed a year as a result.

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The first regular transcontinental train from Montreal, Quebec arrived at a temporary terminus at Port Moody, British Columbia , in July , and service to Vancouver itself began in May That year Vancouver's population was 1,, by it reached 14, and by it was 26, The population increased to , by The Port of Vancouver became internationally significant as a result of its key position in the All-Red Route , which spanned the global trade network of the British Empire , with the combined steamship and railway of the CPR shortening shipping times from the Orient to London drastically, with the new city becoming a node for major speculative investment by British and German capital.

With the opening of the Panama Canal in , Vancouver's seaport was able to compete with the major international ports for global trade because it was positioned as an alternative route to Europe. During the s, the provincial government successfully fought to have freight rates that discriminated against goods transported by rail through the mountains eliminated, giving the young lawyer of the case, Gerry McGeer , a reputation as "the man who flattened the Rockies.

The federal government established the Vancouver Harbour Commission development. With its completion in , Ballantyne Pier was the most technologically advanced port in the British Empire. The rapid growth in automobiles and trucks after led to the construction of new bridges over False Creek including: the Granville Street Bridge , rebuilt , the Burrard Street Bridge , , and the Cambie Street Bridge , rebuilt Auto traffic to North Vancouver was facilitated with the construction of the first Second Narrow's Bridge in and by the completion of the Lion's Gate Bridge , in , across the First Narrows.

Although the provincial resource-based economy allowed Vancouver to flourish, it was nonetheless not immune to the vagaries of organized labour. Two general strikes were launched by labour groups during the years following the First World War, including Canada's first general strike following the death of a trade unionist, Ginger Goodwin. Major recessions and depressions hit the city hard in the late s, , , and , which, aside from creating hardship also may have fuelled social tensions. In particular, members of the new and growing Asian population were subjected to discrimination as well as periodic upsurges of more physical objections to their arrival.

The most overt expression of this may have been the riots thought to have been organized by the Asiatic Exclusion League , a group formed under organized labour and inspired by its counterpart in San Francisco. But discrimination was perhaps less overt than such events suggest. It could be argued that some politicians and publicists may have promoted and disseminated controversial ideologies through popular books such as H.

Newspapermen such as L. This determination of British Columbians to secure B. What may be called a "climate of fear and hysteria" in the s, culminated in the 'Janet Smith case', in which a Chinese national was accused of killing his young, white, female co-worker. The evidence for his guilt was perhaps based more on stereotyping than facts. A growing population of Indians, primarily from the province of Punjab and of the Sikh religion, were also required to abide by immigration laws starting in , despite the fact that they were subjects of the British Empire.

This culminated in the Komagata Maru incident , in which most of immigrants on the Komagata Maru , most of them from the Punjab in India were not permitted to disembark because they had not complied with immigration laws that required that they come by a continuous passage from their home country.

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A group of residents of Indian origin rallied in support of the passengers. After losing a court challenge of the immigration laws, the ship remained in Burrard Inlet while negotiations continued concerning its departure. When negotiations dragged on, the head immigration officer in Vancouver arranged an attempt by the Vancouver police and other officials to board the ship, who were repelled by what the Vancouver Sun reported as "howling masses of Hindus".

Subsequently, the federal government sent a naval ship and after concessions made by the federal Minister of Agriculture, an MP from Penticton, the ship departed. After returning to India, twenty of the passengers were shot by police in an incident after they refused to return to the Punjab. Malahat , a five-masted schooner known as the "Queen of Rum Row," maintained an active liquor trade throughout the Prohibition Era of the neighboring United States, despite efforts to bring Prohibition to Canada.

Vancouver's longest serving and most often elected mayor, L. Taylor , followed an "open town" policy prior to his final defeat in to Gerry McGeer. Essentially, the policy was that vice crimes such as prostitution, gambling, and bootlegging would be managed, rather than eliminated, so that police resources could be directed towards major crime. Unfortunately, policing non-white communities was key to successfully executing the plan.

The East End, the original residential district that grew up around Hasting's Mill, was left to successive waves of new immigrants, and became associated with poverty and vice, as the Downtown Eastside remains today. The first act of City Council at its first meeting in was to request that the 1,acre 4. Historians have pointed out that this may seem a strange priority for the nascent city as there was an abundance of green space at the time. The West End, however, was designated to be an upscale neighbourhood by speculators with connections to the CPR.

However over time the Parks Board has begun to refill it with Native artifacts. In , only six years after British Columbia joined Canada, Superintendent of Education John Jessop submitted a proposal for the formation of a provincial university. An Act Respecting the University of British Columbia was passed by the provincial legislature in , but disagreements arose over whether to build the university on Vancouver Island or the mainland.

A provincial university was formally called into being by the British Columbia University Act of , although its location was not yet specified. The now-independent University of British Columbia began operations in In , Vancouver expanded with the amalgamation of Hastings Townsite originally called New Brighton. The former municipality's name continues on in the Hastings-Sunrise neighbourhood, which covers the same territory. By the interwar years, other neighbourhoods had grown that were working class, but not especially impoverished or racially exclusive, such as Mount Pleasant , the suburb of South Vancouver, and Grandview-Woodland.

CPR developers once again established a new enclave for the city's white and wealthy elite that would pull them from the West End and be the destination for the "coming smart set. William Harold Malkin was the first mayor of the new city, having defeated incumbent Louis Denison Taylor , the champion of amalgamation, in the civic election.

BC was perhaps the hardest Canadian province hit by the depression. Although Vancouver managed to stave off bankruptcy, other cities in the Lower Mainland were not so lucky, such as North Vancouver and Burnaby.

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Vancouver also happened to be the target destination for thousands of transients — unemployed young men — who traveled across Canada looking for work, often by hopping on boxcars. This was the end of the line and had for years been a "Mecca of the Unemployed" because, as some cynically joked, it was the only city in Canada where you could starve to death before freezing to death.

Vancouver was also the launching pad for the Communist-led unemployed protests that frequented the city throughout the decade, culminating in the relief camp strike and the On-to-Ottawa Trek in Communist agitators and their supporters also led strikes in other industries, most notably the waterfront strike , and organized a large proportion of the Mackenzie-Papineau Battalion from Vancouver to fight fascism in the Spanish Civil War as Canada's unofficial contribution to the International Brigades.

Vancouver was the site of major celebrations in , in part to bolster civic spirit in the midst of the depression, as well as to celebrate Vancouver's Jubilee. Mayor McGeer provoked considerable controversy by organizing expensive celebrations at a time when the city was teetering on the brink of bankruptcy and civic employees were working at a significantly reduced pay rate. Nevertheless, he did find a great deal of support from those that agreed a celebration would ultimately be good for the city's prosperity.

While some large expenditures were roundly criticized — for example, the "ugly" fountain erected in Stanley Park's Lost Lagoon [29] — others drew significant financial and public support, such as the construction of a new and the current city hall on Cambie Street. The next major civic celebration was the Royal visit of the King and Queen as part of their tour of Canada which marked the end of the depression and the likelihood of another world war.

The outbreak of the Second World War resulted in major changes for Vancouver. Local militia units quickly recruited extra members and Vancouver's Seaforth Highlanders of Canada, for example, had a battalion overseas in England within 4 months, and they remained in Europe fighting until the end of the war.

Massive new spending by the governments and employment in the military and factories provided a much needed economic boost after the Great Depression of the s. Among the many products and weapons for war service produced in the Vancouver area were minesweepers and corvettes for the Royal Canadian Navy ; anti-aircraft guns in Burnaby and the Boeing aircraft factory in nearby Richmond produced parts for B bomber aircraft.

The Americans did the same with their citizens of Japanese ancestry.

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Canadians of Japanese descent were placed into holding areas such as the barns at Hastings Park and then interned in camps in the interior by the federal government which evoked the War Measures Act. Due to the fear of bombing and of poison gas attacks, a blackout was imposed on the West Coast in and school children and others were issued gas masks.

Japan did indeed attack the West Coast. A Japanese submarine shelled Estevan Point Lighthouse, Japanese soldiers invaded and held island in Alaska and Japanese balloon bombs Fire balloon were floated across the Pacific Ocean on air currents to wreak their havoc on the forests and citizens of Canada and the USA. Locally these ballon bombs landed as close to Vancouver as Point Roberts, but their existence was kept a secret until very late in the war.

The last vestiges of British Columbia Electric Railway 's streetcar and interurban rail system were dismantled in Two new universities were established, the British Columbia Institute of Technology in and Simon Fraser University in ; both have satellite campuses in Vancouver. Residents of Strathcona — most of them Chinese — formed a protest movement led by civic activist Mary Lee Chan and prevented the construction of a freeway which would have resulted in the bulldozing of the neighbourhood.

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In , the Greater Vancouver Regional District was incorporated. Greenpeace , one of the leading international environmental organizations, was founded in Vancouver in The continuing growth of the airport on Sea Island resulted in the construction of another bridge across the Fraser River, the Arthur Laing Bridge which opened to traffic in As Pacific Central Station replaced Waterfront Station as the main railway station in , the latter was transformed into the terminal of SeaBus and the future SkyTrain which opened six years later.

Canada's first domed stadium, BC Place Stadium opened in This significant international event was the last World's Fair held in North America and was considered a success, receiving 22,, visits. In the population stood at ,; by it reached 1,, Vancouver became the western anchor of the new CBC national television network in and the western hub of the newly completed Trans-Canada Highway in The giant Tsawwassen Ferry Terminal , was built in for passenger and vehicle ferry service to southern Vancouver Island and the nearby Roberts Bank Superport coal terminal was finished in the late sixties.

A second, Second Narrow's Bridge was built in and the W. Bennett Dam, was completed in The establishment of the Queen Elizabeth Theatre in and of Simon Fraser University in , enriched city cultural life. Canada's first purpose-built auto racing track, the Westwood Motorsport Park was built in nearby Coquitlam, that same year. McCallum, T. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

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